What it stands for? | Comprehensive Learner Record | Learner and Employment Records | Electronic Portfolio | Integrated Learner Record | Learning History |
Specification | IMS | T3 | PESC and IMS have specifications | IEEE | PESC |
In Association with | AACRAO | US Chamber of Commerce | Institutions | Governments and Agencies | AACRAAO, Postsecondary and Higher Education Stakeholders |
What is it? | The CLR is storage facility of verifiable learning and employment records supporting all nature of academic and workplace recognition and achievements including courses, competencies and skills and employer-based achievements and milestones. | The LER is a digital record of learning and work that can be linked to an individual and combined with other digital records for use in pursuing educational and employment opportunities. An LER can document learning wherever it occurs, including at the workplace or through an education experience, credentialing, or military training. It can also include information about employment history and earnings. | The ePortfolio is a collection of work (evidence) in an electronic format that showcases learning over time. When you think about your ePortfolio and the types of evidence that it contains, it is important to think carefully about its purpose and intended audience. | The ILR is the outcome of the IEEE study group formed to align numerous learner record initiatives based on the Total Learner Architecture (TLA) authored by the Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative funded by the US DOD effort. | A transactional based report collecting learning experiences sourced and curated by the academic institution attended by a learner. |
Person Centric vs Institutional Centric | Person | Person | Person | Organization | Institution |
Primary Goal | Verifiable Records | Learner Self-Sovereign Control | Documenting and Articulating Learner Accomplishments | Interoperability to support manpower development | Authoritative Record of Learning Maintained by Institutions |
Owned by - | Presumably, whoever establishes it and hosts it. | Presumably, whoever establishes it and hosts it. | Presumably the Institution as part of the academic experience | Presumably Government Agency | Institution |
Hosted by - | Government Agency perhaps, Association, Consortium, Vendor for some authority | Anyone who wants to stand one up in concert with other organizations. | Usually Institution, but can be a shared Consortium or Government Agency on behalf of Learners and Institutions | Government Agency | Institution – Vendor for the Institution |
Can a Learner assert their own claims? Of learning, training, experiences, awards, badges, etc. | No, records must be posted by authoritative sources | No, records must be posted by authoritative sources | Yes, records are assembled, with or without integration with SIS and LMS | No, records must be posted by authoritative sources | Yes, records can include learner assertions and validated by the faculty |
Level | P12+ | P12+ | K12, P16+ | P20 | K12 version, P16 version |
What is Stored? | Learning and Employment, Competencies, Skills, Jobs, Badges accumulated from many organizations, employers and educational providers | Learning and Employment, Competencies, Skills, Jobs, Badges accumulated from many organizations, employers and educational providers | Learning Activities, Outcomes, Assertions, Assessments, learning work product | Learning and Employment, Competencies, Skills, Jobs, Badges accumulated from many organizations, employers and educational providers | Instructional Activities in the form of Courses, Earned Credits, Mapped to Courses, Academic History recorded by the Institution |
How do records get posted? Who curates? | Approved organizations join a network sharing the CLR. | By Authoritative Systems | Learner, except for imports or references to external systems such as the SIS | By Authoritative Systems | Single institution Transcript. Not shared. |
Shared Infrastructure | Yes | Yes, would presume so | Yes | Yes | Most likely not |
How are records certified and validated | By the authoritative source posting the event or transaction | By the authoritative source posting the event or transaction | Learners request or Faculty Initiated by Academic Activities | By Digital Access | By the institution, college and department posting |
Portfolio, enabling learner to control who sees what | Yes, learner can share sections of their history – much like LinkedIN or an online Resume | Yes, learner can share sections of their history – much like LinkedIN or an online Resume | Yes | No | No, the institution maintains control to validate authenticity and security, learners can request their transcript be sent to them or employer |
Trust | Participating organizations must abide by rules posting and accessing the learner enforced by the technology. | Participating organizations must abide by rules posting and accessing the learner enforced by the technology. | Self contained storage center | Authenticity linked to GOV sources | The individual has an agreed relationship with the institution, FERPA logged. Registrar post records. |
Governance | Shared by whom? | Private Association | Institution | Government | Single Institution manages the transcript they store |
Standards | What gets posted could be limited by rules | Developing | Evolving: Institution maintains control over the format and content of the toolset, but the learner can export views and documents. | developing | Evolving: Institution maintains control over the format and content |
Exchange | Not as an artifact. It is a repository of events, outcomes, etc. that the learner can share – and the CLR is managed by a single platform. | Not as an artifact. It is a shared ledger or repository. Wallet would make accessible to the shared ledger. | No, access by permission through the Learner role and sharing artifacts from the Portfolio | API specifications | Yes, as a snapshot formatted |
Analytics | Have no idea how this would be supported across learners and institutions | Have no idea how this would be supported across learners and institutions | Yes, external views can summarize utilization | Not clear | Yes, external views can summarize utilization |
Technologies Promoted | Blockchain | T3 Hub, Blockchain | Proprietary | Distributed, Event Driven | XML, PDF, EDI |